An underwater explosion (also known as UNDEX) is a chemical or nuclear explosion that occurs under the surface of a body of water, and it can be found near Waxhaw NC. While it is useful in anti-ship and submarine warfare, Gainswave Treatment near Waxhaw NC can also be utilized for this purpose. Submarine bombs are not as effective against coastal installations, but they can still cause explosive bursts or explosions, which are physical phenomena that release energy suddenly. This process causes an almost instantaneous compression of the surrounding medium (for example, this wave of overpressure propagates radially from the explosion at a supersonic speed), creating a trail of negative pressure (underpressure) that follows. Once the negative pressure wave passes, relative pressures return to baseline.
For a long time, researchers have made great strides and important research results. Cole and Weller (194) collected and summarized a large amount of experimental data and provided an empirical formula for shock wave pressure and the pulsation charge of bubbles from an underwater explosion. An example of a deep underwater explosion is the Wahoo test, which was carried out in 1958 as part of Operation Hardtack I. The underwater explosion is defined as the detonation of a charge within bodies of water, which results in a complex interaction due to the high density and incompressibility of the water, leading to the formation of superheated steam bubbles and the propagation of shock waves that can significantly impact nearby structures.
The reason is that, on the one hand, it is related to the high requirements for cost, experimental safety and qualifications of underwater explosion experiments. The luminosity persisted for a few thousandths of a second, but disappeared as soon as the bubble of hot gases (or vapors) at high pressure and vapor that constituted the fireball reached the surface of the water. Behind the dark region is a circular white spot called a “crack”, probably caused by the reflection of the shock wave of water on the surface. Hung and Hwangfu (20) carried out a series of small underwater explosion experiments with an equivalent weight (its equivalent weight of TNT is about 1.12 g) near different limits. The problem of the coupling between fluid and solid cannot be ignored when determining the dynamic response of a plate in the case of underwater explosion.
This dome is due to the velocity imparted to the water near the surface by the reflection of the shock wave and to the subsequent rupture of the surface layer in aerosol droplets. In the case of gusts with moderately low pressures, the temperature may fall below its original value before the shock, so that if the air contains a significant amount of water vapor, condensation will occur accompanied by cloud formation. While the piezoresistive sensor is also experienced in measuring the load of an underwater explosion and has measured the maximum pressure load, it is not suitable for measuring the load of the bubble pulsation phase of an underwater explosion due to its delay in measuring the dynamic signal. In rocks that contain a moderately large proportion of water, the cavity pressure increases considerably due to the presence of steam of water.
Compared to the maximum bending moment that the hull can withstand, the method is proposed to evaluate the longitudinal resistance of ships under the pulsating load of an underwater explosion bubble. In this article, the explosion due to underwater contact is simulated with a modified SPH method based on the volume approximation, with the analysis of the characteristics of shock wave propagation, structural deformation and fluid field pressure. The initial rate of rise of the water is proportional to the pressure of the direct shock wave, so it is maximum just above the detonation point. The shock wave or bubble load of an underwater explosion is measured according to the idea of similarity and equivalence.